What is a z-Score, and Why?
Last time we looked at some questions about drawing or interpreting the normal curve (graph of the normal distribution). Let’s back up and consider what it actually is. In particular, we’ll see what the “z-score” means.
Formulas
Formulas for Standard Deviation: More Than Just One!
Last time we introduced standard deviation. Here we’ll look into why two formulas (namely, population and sample standard deviation) are different, and why several different formulas for either are equivalent. We’ll also discover how to update the standard deviation when a new value is added. In doing so, we’ll see some different perspectives than we …
Formulas for Standard Deviation: More Than Just One! Read More »
How to Find Any Part of a Segment of a Circle
Recent questions have dealt with calculations of various parts of a segment of a circle (chord, arc, sagitta, etc.). How, for example, can you find the arc length if you know the chord length and the height? The definitive explanation of these questions is found in a classic page from Ask Dr. Math, written by …
Finding Length of a Roll: Facing Reality
Last time we looked at how to find the length of material on a roll, making some necessary simplifications. Here, I want to look at some variations on that: first, about carpet in particular, and then about wire on a spool.
Finding the Length of a Rolled-up Carpet
One of the more frequent questions we had on Ask Dr. Math was about how to find the length of material (carpet, paper, wire, etc.) on a roll, knowing only the inner and outer diameters and something else: the thickness of the material, or the number of turns, or the original size of the roll. …
Why Do Logarithms Work That Way?
Last time, we introduced logarithms by way of their history. Here, we’ll look at their properties.
Looks Like a Frustum, But …
Last time we looked at how to find the volume of a frustum of a pyramid or cone. But sometimes what looks at first like a rectangular frustum actually isn’t. This case turns out to have a more general formula almost as nice as what we have for an actual frustum. We’ll discover that the …
Frustums: Not Frustrating but Fascinating
We’ve looked in the past at volumes and surface areas of familiar geometric shapes like spheres, pyramids, and cones; but more can be done. If we cut parallel to the base of a pyramid or cone, the result is called a frustum (no, not a frustrum!). Let’s derive some formulas, which will be remarkably simple.
How Can 3×3 Determinants Give Both Area and Volume?
(A new question of the week) A recent question asked for the connection between two different ways to use determinants geometrically: to find the area of a triangle, and to find the volume of a pyramid (or the area of a parallelogram and the volume of a parallelepiped). Last time we looked at what a …
How Can 3×3 Determinants Give Both Area and Volume? Read More »
Diluting a Solution: Math vs. Reality
Here is a little question about making a formula to dilute a solution; we’ll see how to do the algebra, and also how what we teach in math classes isn’t quite real.